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TEXTO I: Breeding Superbrains

Edoardo Boncinelli directs the molecular biology of development laboratory at San Rafaele hospital in Milan. He is being interviewed about his latest discovery:

Interviewer: It’s hard to think of intelligence as the direct result of brain mass. What about the role of experience?

Edoardo Boncinelli: No one knows what intelligence is. In all likelihood, about 50 percent of it will be determined by genetics, and the other portion determined by environment and experience. Genes by themselves cannot determine intelligence. But they can determine stupidity. When certain human genes go bad, it is inevitable that the person will sufer a mental deficiency.

Interviewer: Wouldn’t a man who had a large part of his brain regenerated lose most of his knowledge and memory?

Edoardo Boncinelli: Memory is distributed throughout the brain. If I destroy a piece of gray matter in a human, he probably won’t lose all of his memory. What he loses is a part of the velocity with which he can retrieve his information. Of course, he won’t reacquire his memories when I put new cells in. But the new implant will assist in the recovery of his memory and in all his other brain functions. What we are really talking about is to be able to reverse brain death. At present, when these cells die, there is no way to replace them. An idea I fi nd even more intriguing is the possibility to regenerate the spinal cord in cases of injury and paralysis.

1. When asked about “what intelligence is”, Edoardo Boncinelli states that: ...

a) genetics probably determines half of it

b) the place where we live does not in-

fl uence it

c) neither environment nor experience influence it

d) genetics determines it all

e)genetics has absolutely no influence on it

2. In his second answer, Edoardo Boncinelli states that memory: ...

a) can only be found in one specifi c area of the brain

b) is concentrated in two areas of the brain

c) memory is spread over many areas of the brain

d) has already been found and measured by specialists

e) is located on the left-hand side of the brain

3. According to Edoardo Boncinelli, if new cells are inserted in the brain in order to replace damaged ones, the brain’s: ...

a) previous capacity is immediately recovered

b) memory is lost

c) storage capacity is transformed

d) memories will remain the same

e) functions will be helped

Gabarito:

1) A; 2) C; 3) E